![]() SP-B 1–25 is observed to perturb the packing of the surrounding lipids leading to local fluidization of the monolayer and to aggregate within the LE phase. In binary mixtures of DPPC with lung surfactant peptide fragment SP-B 1–25, the ordered side of the hysteresis loop is abolished altogether, suggesting that SP-B 1–25 effectively nucleates disorder in the monolayer on heating. ![]() On the time scale of our simulations, DPPC monolayers display a substantial hysteresis between the ordering and disordering transitions, which is decreased by the addition of a second component. Our analysis suggests that the LC phase forms from the LE phase via a nucleation and growth mechanism, while the LC–LE transition occurs by melting that originates from defects in the monolayer. To explore the role of individual lung surfactant components in liquid-condensed (LC)/liquid-expanded (LE) phase transitions the MARTINI coarse-grained (CG) model is used to simulate monolayers containing DPPC and additional lipid or peptide components.
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